Gop virk one peg more download

The margin of sampling error is plus or minus 3 percentage points for the full sample. For results based on subgroups, the margin of sampling error may be higher. Memorie dell' Istituto lombardo di scienze e lettere 24 : — Milano: Principato, Giornale dantesco 34 : 1— Graf, Fritz.

Interpretations of Greek Mythology. Jan Bremmer. London: Routledge, 80— Hatinguais, Jacqueline. Irvin, Elelanor. Orpheus: The Metamorphoses of a Myth. John Warden. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 51— Jaeger, C. Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch 27 : — Lee, M.

Virgil as Orpheus: A Study of the Georgics. Iohannis Scotti Annotationes in Marcianum. Leiden: Brill, Nauta, Lodi, ur. Gvillelmi de Conchis Glossae super Boetium. Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio medievalis Turnhout: Brepols, Reynolds, William Donald.

Urbana: Illinois, doktorska disertacija. Robbins, Emmet. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 3— Schmid, Hans, ur. Musica et scolica enchiriadis una cum aliquibus tractatulis adi- unctis. Beck, Segal, Charles. The Myth of the Poet. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, Pepin, Ronald E. The Vatican Mythographers. Fordham University Press, Vieillefon, Laurence.

Pariz: De Boccard, Vicari, Patricia. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 63— Ziegler, Konrat. In all these interpretations, the singer-poet is undoubtedly regarded as bearer or even founder of culture and civilization.

Moreover, his association with Christ had given him distinct messianic characteristics. However, the relations of the Orpheus Myth to Dionysian rites, as well as to the cult of Apollo, have given an ambivalent character to the mythical hero, which had already puzzled ancient mythographers and interpreters.

Its literary vision of gradual advance back to Golden-Age peace and prosperity has taken center stage in the process of defining European humanism. Post-Augustan epic poets like Lucan, however, also seem to doubt whether humanity can be taught by letters. This has often been interpreted as anti-classicist and, hence, anti- humanistic. However, can the ideals of civilizing literature, in fact, be proven wrong?

Is there no other way to deal with the challenges of humanism than to give in? A promising interpretive approach to this question is studying the specific metapoetic potential of historical poetry. This opens up a space for a particular kind of intertextuality. In acutely reflecting the impact of their reference texts, historical epic poems have made a distinctive contribution to the classification of the classics, i.

Phrased like this, the question must appear frighteningly complex and — given the length of this article — even greatly immodest. By itself, though, it is amply justified. The great era of Roman literature was charac- terized by such inhumane features as a civil war, treachery, injustice, violence, and oppression.

Rhet ad Her. Ancient literary theory widely accepted the notion that literature has an ethical and educational purpose, and the Roman ideal of humanitas was conceptualized mainly as a form of intellectual culture. To what extent did Roman epic poets reflect not only on the general futility of human affairs, as determined by the condition humaine, but also on the very futility of literary education? In fact, a kind of historical fiction that evaluates the present through the more or less recent past had already been popular in Rome, espe- cially in the imperial age.

Classicist humanism Admittedly, ancient poets were neither humanists nor did they write for an audience that was wont to distinguish sharply between sciences and humanities. The verb relegere demonstrates the way in which Roman intertextuality car- 2 See e. The cultural standards embodied within these two words have shaped a substantial part of what we today refer to as the tradition of humanism.

On the other hand, one might be rightly criticized if their reading of a certain poem is incor- rect. The hope to become — due to reading — a better and perhaps an exemplary person has been the justification of literary study from ancient times onwards. To reread the classics is, so to say, the essence of humanism, and this makes it an inevitably classicist or if you like: sentimental project.

However, given the conventions of mythical plots, it is impossible to have heroes say they have read their classics and that the audience should do the same.

The writer of mythological epic must use subtler means to engage with literary authority. On the various processes of classification in the Augustan age, see Nagy 73— On the poetic dimension of Epistles 1, see Mayer and Korenjak.

Haecker and Johnson. Based on convictions like this, classicist humanism can aspire to the return of a Golden Age. This suggestive announcement is a mainly Roman narrative. However, the whole idea will be severely questioned if the Golden Age or Joy or Freedom do not show up after a while.

From here emerges one of the primary motivations for our present question. A Golden Age did not come, as is known, during the reign of the Julio- Claudian dynasty. However, if the Neronian epic poet contradicts Vergil, what does this mean? Can 10 By realism as opposed to narrative metalepsis I mean the coherent literary rep- resentation at a certain diegetic level. On the issues of theory, see Genette 20—25 and Nauta.

Should there be any worth in being one? Metapoetic realism Whereas, as noted, characters of mythological epic cannot realistically read and interpret literary classics for they are to be imagined as living in a world before written poetry , personages of historical epic can do so — at least if the relevant works were already published at the time of which the narrator is speaking.

A literary Caesar, for example, should be thought to know the Homeric poems and perhaps Lucretius, but he cannot know that he will appear in the underworld of the Aeneid.

In historical epic, it would hardly cause any confusion if somebody said that Homer provides essential moral values. However, particularly in a his- torical epic narrative, it may have a significant influence on the action.

There, we can read, as it were, the drama of those who read in a specific manner the very texts we studied at school. This arrangement, however fictional, brings us closer together with the historical characters since it stresses an existential condition of literature. We are all readers. The following section will discuss three examples of metapoetic realism and then try to draw some conclusions.

Here, the phenomenon though perhaps still in an early stage is especially relevant to the epic plot. Cicero seldom figures as an author of epic. However, he certainly was one. Moreover, it is evident from some ninety lines transmitted that — even if his excessive self-panegyric has not won many admir- ers19 — he has in several regards permanently shaped the epic genre. In the poem, he stages a personification of what he would most influentially subsume under humanitas in some of his later theoretical works, namely philosophical education.

In the flower of youth, you were torn from these stud- ies, when your country recalled you and led you right into the battle for virtue. Yet, in seeking surcease from the worries and cares that oppress you, you have devoted to your studies and us the time that the state leaves free. Inst or. De or. However, she also knows that the call of duty is not heard at all times — there will always be some otium left for philosophy and poetry.

While Cicero stresses the need to abandon the pursuit of wisdom to do poli- tics, he acknowledges that only philosophical preparation will provide the necessary preconditions for the right political decisions. Educated in these clarae fecundi pectoris artes, this man has nothing in common with Achilles and Agamemnon, who embody military strength and social failure. Philosophy is ennobled with epic splendor, and the epic plot is made susceptive of a philosophical explanation.

We cannot infer from the surviving fragments whether Cicero bestowed on his epic alter ego an attitude towards poetry similar to the one he shows in his great theoretical works and his correspondence. By boastingly praising his political success, Cicero also affirms his syllabus. He has no doubt that his studies will help consolidate society. A century after Cicero, Lucan relentlessly problematizes the moral impact of literary 23 Cic. The characters of this highly intertextual poem are in permanent con- tact with philosophy, natural sciences, and, most importantly, poetry.

Some of them appear to be acute readers. Many, however, treat their classics with apparent ignorance. Metapoetic realism immediately suggests that he — like many others before and after him — is interested in the place because of its literary significance. The passage reads as follows circumit exustae nomen memorabile Troiae magnaque Phoebei quaerit uestigia muri.

Oblivious, he placed his foot- steps in the thick grass: the Phrygian local tells him not to tread up the shade of Hector. Some would say that the pathos of traditional epic is drowned in nothing- ness. In particular, the story about the Roman Empire originat- ing from Trojan ancestors and destined to rule the world by exemplary virtue seems to be reduced to absurdity by this voyeur who wants to see the bridechamber of Anchises.

This interpretation can surely lead to a sort of cynical amusement. He stands in the dust, in ruined ruins, where nothing is rec- ognizable anymore. Only legend memorabile nomen seems to distin- guish this place from others. What matters here is the specific literary memory that people connect with the place. However, he is only eager to identify places that have a connection to his ficti- tious ancestors, who — if at all — play but a minor role in Homer. Moreover, he does not expect the remnants of the sanctuary of Zeus to be there at some place.

How did this man read his Homer? Does he not know that old Priam prayed at the altar of Zeus Herceus before he visited Achilles in his tent to ask for the corpse of his son Il. However, Homer does not only tell a tale of military virtue; Achilles, lately though, also takes pity on his enemy 29 All translations of Lucan are from Susan Braund sometimes slightly adapted. One wonders whether the general wanted to subject Homer and the Iliad to caesarianism.

When Caesar finally promises to rebuild Pergamum at Rome Luc. Another issue will occupy the audience. Moreover, he would surely overlook all of the much- discussed dark sides of the poem: Will there be a Golden Age under the reign of his adopted son? What, for instance, about the problematic phrase aurea saecula condere Aen. Will Roman law and order always prevail? At this point, metapoetic realism allows for an important distinc- tion.

On the one hand, it is emphasized that Caesar may have read his Homer only very selectively, but that he could perhaps enforce this reading upon his subjects. All this is symbolized by his transgression of the little Xanthus, which certainly presents no difficulty to some- body who has transgressed the Rubicon. On the other hand, it is clear that Caesar cannot know the significance of the Trojan ruins in the poetry of Vergil. The narrator seems to respond precisely to this when he addresses the general with a promise, which sounds some- what like a rebuke: o sacer et magnus uatum labor!

You snatch everything from death and to mortals you give immortality. Caesar, do not be touched by envy of their sacred fame. If for Latian Muses it is right to promise anything, as long as honors of the Smyrnaean bard endure, the future ages will read you and me. Our Pharsalia shall live, and we shall be condemned to darkness by no era.

Internally, the apostrophe reminds Caesar of precisely the text that he so excessively neglects. In the nekyia, which Scipio performs to contact the souls of his ancestors, he encounters the shade of Homer.

How fortunate was Achilles, when such a poet displayed him to the world! He comes close to asking Homer to sing the epos of the Punic War which, of course, functions as a conspicuous self-advertisement for Silius at another diegetic level. As a faithful servant of Rome, he does not even care for his fame; he wishes Roman deeds to be solemnly transmitted to future generations.

Interestingly enough, he expresses this hope in a manner reminis- cent of Alexander the Great, who is said to have congratulated Achilles for having found Homer as a herald of his virtue.

However, in the context of a nekyia, the way Scipio addresses Achilles has a further dimension. We do not learn whether he would still prefer a long life to eternal glory in literature.

Here, things become difficult. As in Lucan, the audience is asked to reread both the Homeric pretext, which can be thought to be known to the characters, and the Vergilian one, namely the katabasis of Aeneas, to which Silius alludes at the discourse level of his narrative. Metapoetic realism can serve to display the historical impact of litera- ture and can contribute to the characterization of the epic personages.

There is no doubt that this Caesar must finally succumb and that a Caesarian Rome, ignorant of its cultural tradi- tion, is not desirable at all. Here one has to go back to the introductory question.

Are poets like Lucan anti-humanists and is there any worth in being one? Marks and Tipping. So: No. At this point, when classical myths do not surprise us with the question quid pulchrum, quid turpe anymore, but only serve to legiti- mize empire, at this point the answer is: Yes. Berlin: de Gruyter, Behrendt, Anja. Rahden: Verlag Marie Leidorf, Braund, Susan.

Lucan, Civil War: Translation with introduction and notes. Oxford: Clarendon Press, Bureau, Bruno. Paris: Diffusion de Boccard, Conte, Gian Biagio. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Due, Otto S. Marcel Durry. Ehrenfeld, David.

The Arrogance of Humanism. Eigler, Ulrich. Christine Walde. Russo in this volume. Heidelberg: Winter, Das historische Epos von Lucan bis Silius und seine Theorie. Johnson, Walter Ralph. Momentary Monsters, Lucan and His Heroes. Ithaka: Cornell University Press, Haecker, Theodor.

Virgil, Vater des Abendlandes. Hunt, Harold Arthur Kinross. The Humanism of Cicero. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, Kersten, Markus. Stuttgart: Steiner forthcoming.

Klingner, Friedrich. Friedrich Klingner. Korenjak, Martin. Horaz im ersten Epistelbuch. Kurczyk, Stephanie. Marks, Raymond. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, Masters, Jamie. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Mayer, Roland. Nagy, Gregory. Homer the classic. Cambridge, Mass. Nauta, Ruurd. Ute E. Ormand, Kirk. Reitz, Christiane. Die Nekyia in den Punica des Silius Italicus. Rossi, Andreola. Skalitzky, Rachel I. Spahlinger, Lothar.

Tesoriero, Charles. Jahr- hundert. Tipping, Ben. Antony Augoustakis. Theodore D. Ziolkowski, Jan, and Richard Thomas eds. The Virgil Encyclopedia. Malden, MA: Wiley—Blackwell, Zdi se sicer, da postavgustejski epiki, npr.

Trubar A. Ruplov sklep str. Gotovo pa si je mislil svoje, zakaj dobro je poznal brbravega Italijana. Robert A. Hubert 16—17; podrobneje Sixt isl.

Francesco Spiera Cum feceris mentionem Vergerii, quem audio ante triennium caepisse curare, ut in linguam Slavicam novum Testamentum converteretur, quomodo successit labor HIL.

Probe, iam novum Testamentum prodiit, iam Christus cum Sclavis quoque loquitur, Testamento accesserunt, etiam Sclavice, aliquot Loci communes, quin Postilla quoque, in nomine Domini, autore P.

Zavezi je dodanih, prav tako v slovanskem jeziku, nekaj loci communes, pa tudi Postila, v Gospodovem imenu. Avtor je P. Gherardo c. Itidem de Polonis, Bohemis, Moravis, Russis, Muscovitis, Illiricis et his qui circa Zagrabiam sunt, sentiendum, quod videlicet translatio haec ab illis non intelligatur.

Quin pro- prietates etiam ipsius Styriacae, Carniolae et Carinthiae linguae tam obscure sunt redditae, ut vulgus seu communis populus illarum provinciarum, absque cognitione linguae germanicae, non sit intellecturus complura hic posita voca- bula, eo quod non pauca sint, quae germanicam potius quam sclavonicam lin- guam sapiant, prout sunt illa: vrshah, gnada, ferdammene, trosht, nuz, leben, erbszhina, son, aydi, styma et alia multa, quae longe praestaret per totum opus ita revidere et reddere, ut etiam absque germanicae linguae cognitione quilibet illius linguagii homo possit intelligere ea quae dicantur, hoc namque modo talis haec translatio fieret cum majore fructu et commodo plebis christianae.

Hosius se v polemiki zoper uporabo ljudskih jezikov zlasti o5v. Cum praesertim Dalmatica lingua sacros libros Hieronymum vertisse constet, ut in eius usu minus esse periculi videatur. Naj imamo [sc. In ker je znano, da je Hieronim svete knjige prevedel v dalmatinski jezik, se zdi uporaba tega jezika tem manj nevarna.

Fabulam narrat. Quid tibi nunc cum isto inepto Eccio? Cur adducis? Mihi videris negare. Nam capite abnuis. Sic est. Nego constanter. Certo nescis. Audistin tu Missas Sclavica lingua? Hieronymo asserentes, eam observant in divinis officiis celebrandis. Zakaj mu tega ne bi verjeli? Pravljice pripoveduje. At gens huius linguae dudum cessit huic privilegio, et se Latinae conformat ecclesiae« Fraenkel , ki citira po zadnji izdaji iz leta Poi nella medesima M.

V isti jezik je Kranjec M. Prevod celotne Biblije, pripravljen za tisk, je Vergerijeva fantazija. Murko« Vergerio semper latine scribere cogor, postquam germanicam linguam non intelligit. Nam vereor in scri- bendo latine ne committam aliquem soloecismum et ne peccem in Priscianum. V pismu 4. Toda morda ne le ex posteriori in ne nujno zgolj zato, ker se reformacija na osrednjem slovenskem ozem- lju ni uveljavila. V Divusovem verznem uvodu prev. Abrams has no declared opponents on the Democratic side.

Her narrow loss to Kemp in vaulted her to national fame as a voting rights activist and leader of her party. Perdue gears up for primary brawl with Georgia GOP governor. FILE - Sen. David Perdue, R-Ga. Georgia Gov. The fact that you call it as you see is awesome with no favorites right or left. Have you saved us thousands on therapy?

We shall see!! We will provide you with a unique podcast feed that you'll be able to add to your favourite podcast player. Adding this feed to your favourite podcast player only takes a couple of taps. Unfortunately we aren't able to support Stitcher, or any other podcast player that doesn't support importing private feeds. For show questions, e-mail james breakingpoints. We use cookies to enhance your experience using this site.